1. Reactivity of metal complexes: 4h
Labile and inert complexes, ligand substitution reactions - SN1 and SN2,substitution reactions of square planar complexes - Trans effect and applications of trans effect.
2.Bioinorganic chemistry: 4h
Essential elements, biological significance of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cl-. Metalloporphyrins – Structure and functions of hemoglobin, Myoglobin and Chlorophyll.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT-II
1. Chemical kinetics 8h
Rate of reaction - Definition of order and molecularity. Derivation of rate constants for first, second, third and zero order reactions and examples. Derivation for time half change. Methods to determine the order of reactions. Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy.
2. Photochemistry 5h
Difference between thermal and photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry- Grothus-Draper's law and Stark-Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence. Quantum yield-Photochemical reaction mechanism- hydrogen- chlorine, hydrogen- bromine reaction. Qualitative description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, Photosensitized reactions- energy transfer processes (simple example)
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT- III
Heterocyclic Compounds 7h
Introduction and definition: Simple five membered ring compounds with one hetero atom Ex. Furan. Thiophene and pyrrole - Aromatic character – Preparation from 1,4,- dicarbonyl compounds, Paul-Knorr synthesis.
Properties : Acidic character of pyrrole - electrophillic substitution at 2 or 5 position, Halogenation, Nitration and Sulphonation under mild conditions - Diels Alder reaction in furan.
Pyridine – Structure - Basicity - Aromaticity - Comparison with pyrrole - one method of preparation and properties - Reactivity towards Nucleophilic substitution reaction.
UNIT-IV
Carbohydrates 8h
Monosaccharides: (+) Glucose (aldo hexose) - Evidence for cyclic structure of glucose (some negative aldehydes tests and mutarotation) - Proof for the ring size (methylation, hydrolysis and oxidation reactions) - Pyranose structure (Haworth formula and chair conformational formula).
(-) Fructose (ketohexose) - Evidence of 2 - ketohexose structure (formation of pentaacetate, formation of cyanohydrin its hydrolysis and reduction by HI). Cyclic structure for fructose (Furanose structure and Haworth formula) - osazone formation from glucose and fructose – Definition of anomers with examples.
Interconversion of Monosaccharides: Aldopentose to Aldohexose (Arabinose to
D- Glucose, D-Mannose) (Kiliani - Fischer method). Epimers, Epimerisation - Lobry de bruyn van Ekenstein rearrangement. Aldohexose to Aldopentose (D-Glucose to
D- Arabinose) by Ruff degradation. Aldohexose to Ketohexose
[(+) Glucose to (-) Fructose] and Ketohexose to Aldohexose (Fructose to Glucose)
UNIT- V
Amino acids and proteins 7h
Introduction: Definition of Amino acids, classification of Amino acids into alpha, beta, and gamma amino acids. Natural and essential amino acids - definition and examples, classification of alpha amino acids into acidic, basic and neutral amino acids with examples. Methods of synthesis: General methods of synthesis of alpha amino acids (specific examples - Glycine, Alanine, valine and leucine) by following methods: a) from halogenated carboxylic acid b) Malonic ester synthesis c) strecker's synthesis.
Physical properties: Zwitter ion structure - salt like character - solubility, melting points, amphoteric character, definition of isoelectric point.
Chemical properties: General reactions due to amino and carboxyl groups - lactams from gamma and delta amino acids by heating peptide bond (amide linkage). Structure and nomenclature of peptides and proteins.
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